by
cassandra05
@ 13/12/07 - 20:25:18


The Independent is generally acknowledged as having one of the best records among the mainstream press for punchy and effective reporting on climate change issues – particularly with some of their dramatic and attention-grabbing front pages, which have helped to raise the profile of the issue. It was of some interest, therefore, to see how they would report last Saturday’s march for urgent action on climate change, which took place in London, and was joined by protesters in countries across the world.
The march, which took place in conditions of freezing cold and continual rain, culminated in a gathering in Grosvenor Square, opposite the American embassy. Here, a number of speeches slated the government’s record on climate change. The powerful concluding speech was delivered by George Monbiot, who emphasised that our governments “are not prepared, they are not even preparing” to stop runaway climate change – and called on those present to take urgent, direct action to prevent the government’s continuing support for the extraction of fossil fuels.
So how would one of the UK’s best papers on environmental issues report the protest? How would the issues raised be covered?
As it turns out, the overall message on the part of the Indy was one of massive reassurance on new government proposals for action. The front page story reported dramatic news of “Britain’s wind power revolution”. The paper was almost breathless with wonder over the government’s plan for a large expansion in offshore wind. “The Independent on Sunday”, according to the piece, “has learnt that, in an astonishing U-turn, the Secretary of State for Business, John Hutton, will announce that he is opening up the seas around Britain to wind farms in the biggest ever renewable energy initiative.” This is a move that will “produce 25 gigawatts (GW) of electricity by 2020, in addition to the 8GW already planned – enough to meet the needs of all the country’s homes.”
The paper’s Leader article was equally dramatic, announcing “The planet’s chance of a lifetime”. “Finally,” the leader-writers opened, “… there are signs that Britain and the United States are starting to measure up to the immensity of the task.” Following through with these proposals heralded nothing less than a rehabilitation of the premier, despite his trifling mistakes: “This is more like the Gordon Brown we thought we were getting this summer, before this autumn’s wobbles and weaknesses.” With the UK government largely redeemed, the onus is now on the US. In the words of the article’s curt conclusion: “Over to you, Mr Bush.” The words devoted to the protest also gave interesting prominence to the role of the US: “Some posters,” wrote the paper, “carried a picture of President George Bush and the words “Wanted for crimes against the planet”.”
The average reader, one imagines, is left with a sense of relief. As far as one can tell, the UK government is making massive, ambitious strides; though the US, despite some movement, is still lagging behind. Those who marched on 8 December, by contrast, are hard-pressed to avoid feeling shoved to the margins – and by one of the better papers in the mainstream press.
As it turns out, the government’s proposal means a good deal less in context. Compare them with the necessary goals set by the Centre for Alternative Technology’s Zero Carbon Britain proposal, which takes as its aim “Reaching zero carbon emissions” – a goal which “is now clearly a scientific necessity” (as has now been confirmed by research from the University of Victoria in Canada, and elsewhere). The report is authoritative, and is based on the latest available science. It has received plaudits from the former Co-Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and former Met Office Director General John Houghton, and has substantially influenced the Liberal Democrats’ climate change programme.
According to CAT, their own proposal “would require approximately 140 offshore wind farms the size of the 1GW London Array spread out around our 8,000 mile coastline. This is more than four times the Government’s proposed 33GW from offshore wind” (my emphasis).
Significantly, the government’s proposal is next to meaningless in the context of meeting the necessary emissions targets without “powering down”. “Crucially,” as one CAT representative puts it, “we need to reduce our energy demand significantly in the first place”. As the recent UN Human Development Report pointed out, the government’s emissions targets are themselves (a) useless, presuming the goal is to avoid runaway climate change; and (b) not being met. Recent research from Oxford University contributes further to this ugly picture. Rather than falling 15%, as officially pronounced, the UK’s emissions, when those excluded from official figures are accounted for, have actually risen 19%. In the report’s own words, this “suggests that the decline in greenhouse gas emissions from the UK economy may have been to a considerable degree an illusion.”
It really is not beyond the Independent’s writers to report this stuff, give serious critical scrutiny to government pronouncements, and report them in context. So why did it not do so? Why, indeed, did this paper, with its reputation for being environmental conscious, frame its coverage not around the perspective of the critical masses assembling across the world on the previous day, but around a seriously skewed representation of a government policy proposal?
The answer, I suspect, may lie in the second paragraph of that front-page article. “The Independent on Sunday has learnt that …”. The tricksy use of the passive is more than a little question-begging. How has the paper “learnt” of this proposal? Who told them? It is not overly cynical to suggest that this is yet another instance of a “favours for favours” approach to the relationship between government and media. Papers, with heavy constraints in terms of time, money and personnel, continually need something to report; governments need to make sure that what is reported reflects their line and their agenda. The use of what Nicholas Jones calls “judicious leaks to favoured journalists” has proved a key method by which governments are able shape the media agenda. Hungry for the competitive advantage garnered by exclusive access to ministers and information, journalists are eager to snap up stories handed down from on high. Since it is essential, of course, that the flow of information is preserved, it is important that journalists try to avoid biting the hand that feeds them. This approach has a long history, and New Labour have proved particularly adept at playing the game. As Jones recounts:
“Campbell’s diaries The Blair Years provided countless examples of his leaks to newspapers such as the Sun and Daily Mirror. Lance Price, an eager pupil of Mandelson and Campbell, peppered his book, The Spin Doctor’s Diary, with descriptions of how during his time in the Prime Minister’s press office, Downing Street became a clearing house for leaking government secrets.”
The use of these tactics has not ceased under Blair’s successor. Writes Jones:
“Brown understands the psychology of journalists and uses leaks and exclusives as a way of trying to discipline the media. If he can get political correspondents into the mindset that they too might get an offer of preferential treatment, that they too might be in line for similar favours, there is every chance they might be less hostile and prepared to go along with the spin which the government is offering.”
And so it is that the paper perhaps most noted for its environmental coverage, on the day following a major climate change protest, and in the midst the Bali talks, “learnt” of such a supposedly promising government initiative. The protestors were relegated to a small picture on page 2 and some brief, passing mentions. Because the Indy was potentially the greatest P.R. liability on the day after the protest, one presumes, on this occasion, this paper got the goods - and its coverage was successfully tamed.
Whether the government will even act on its latest proposals, or, as some have suggested, fail to deliver as it has in the past, remains to be seen. But given the government’s wholesale aversion towards taking the problem of climate change seriously – as it attempts to secure the long-term future of coal-fired power and expands its aviation sector – anyone who is serious about not only holding the government to its word, but forcing it to do what it takes to prevent the potentially catastrophic consequences of runaway climate change, needs to raise their game. Recent actions have paved the way – it behoves us all to rise to the challenge, and follow their example.