by
cassandra05
@ 03/08/07 - 22:06:45
As the debate between Oliver Kamm and Johann Hari goes on, the list of neoconservatives whose philosophy the former is willing to defend gradually dwindles. “I have scant sympathy with Ambassador [Jeane] Kirkpatrick's political views”, writes Kamm. Norman Podhoretz, whose connection to Elliott Abrams Kamm uses to play up the latter’s neoconservative credentials, is a man “whose wider political views I reject in almost every particular”. Abrams “is not a neoconservative of the school I identify as consistent with the Left's ideals”. As we’ve already established, in fact, considering these last two to be proponents of democracy is utterly laughable, given their respective records.
Nonetheless, “the neoconservative stress on democracy … has a clear lineage in theory and practice”. Not quite so clear any more, it must be said. But Kamm has one last ace up his sleeve: Paul Wolfowitz. For “another variant of neoconservatism, most obviously associated with Paul Wolfowitz … does favour intervention to promote democracy. … Ultimately, our security requires the spread of democratic values”, and “certain neoconservatives understand that better than anyone” except Nick Cohen and his clique.
Well, since he names Wolfowitz, it’s worth reviewing this character’s record on democracy promotion. Firstly, in Indonesia, where he served as US ambassador during the rule of the brutal, corrupt and despotic General Suharto. Individuals active in promoting human rights at the time do not, it must be said, paint a flattering picture:
"Of all former U.S. ambassadors, he was considered closest to and most influential with Suharto and his family," said Abdul Hakim Garuda Nusantara, head of the state-sponsored National Human Rights Commission.
"But he never showed interest in issues regarding democratization or respect of human rights," said Hakim, who at the time headed the Legal Aid Institute that defended dissidents and sought to free political prisoners. "Wolfowitz never once visited our offices."
"I also never heard him publicly mention corruption, not once," Hakim said. …
Wolfowitz publicly lauded the dictator [Suharto], praising his "strong and remarkable leadership" in congressional testimony.
Wolfowitz "never alluded to any concerns about the level of corruption or the need for more transparency," said Binny Buchori, director of the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development - a coalition of 100 agencies promoting democracy in Indonesia.
"He was an effective diplomat, but he gave no moral support for dissidents," she said. "He went to East Timor and saw abuses going on, but then kept quiet."
Dewi Fortuna Anwar, a former foreign policy adviser to B.J. Habibie, Suharto's successor as head of state, also agreed that Wolfowitz was a competent and popular envoy.
"He was extremely able and very much admired and well-liked on a personal level ... but he never intervened to push human rights or stand up to corruption," she said. (“Indonesian Activists Slam Wolfowitz' World Bank Candidacy”, Dow Jones Newswires, March 22, 2005.)
Remarkably, as Jeffrey A. Winters, Associate Professor of Political Economy at Northwestern University writes:
In a Lexis-Nexis search of every mention of Wolfowitz in the press during his years as ambassador, there is not one instance where he is quoted as speaking up on human rights or democracy in Indonesia. Instead, he is consistently apologetic for the Suharto regime, always turning the focus toward matters of business, investment, and the local and regional stability the iron-fisted Suharto helped promote.
Winters also recounts one illuminating episode which occurred during during Ronald Reagan’s 1986 visit to Indonesia. Wolfowitz was “scrambling to get the Indonesian government to grant visas to two Washington-based reporters from Australia”. Writes Winters:
According to Los Angeles Times reporters Jack Nelson and Eleanor Clift, "Paul D. Wolfowitz, the U.S. ambassador to Indonesia, had urged the Indonesians to withdraw the ban on the journalists for fear that it would draw attention to the human rights issue. Administration officials had emphasized that Reagan had no plan to raise human rights with Suharto and would prefer that the issue not be raised publicly."
More apologism on behalf of the Indonesian government proved to be rquired of the ambassador, however:
The Australian journalists, immediately taken into custody in Bali and deported, were being blocked because of a recent article another journalist had written back in Australia. The article accurately described the Suharto dictatorship's abuses of human rights and focused on the Suharto family and cronies as being corrupt.
The Telegraph reported that, "Mr. Wolfowitz had described the [Australian] newspaper article as 'bad' and told a press conference on his arrival in Jakarta that the U.S. would handle the sort of situation it created with the Indonesian Government by playing down the article and trying to ignore it." …
Wolfowitz's cowardly behavior prompted a rare rebuke from the head of the Australian government. The Advertiser in Australia reported that Wolfowitz was specifically singled out for criticism by Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke for his comments. Hawke "did not hesitate to attack… the new U.S. Ambassador to Jakarta, Mr. Paul Wolfowitz."
Indeed the comment quoted above on Suharto’s “strong and remarkable leadership” was made in 1997, very late in the day for the the dictator, who was deposed in 1998. So it would appear Wolfowitz was defending the record of the brutal, autocratic, genocidal thug right until the end.
More recently, Wolfowitz has had an interesting role in Turkish affairs, particularly after that country’s parliament - in accord with overwhelming popular opposition - failed to approve the US’s use of Turkish territory during the attack on Iraq. The following is excerpted from an interview with CNN Turk in May 2003:
Wolfowitz: … From a U.S. Turkish point of view there is good news and bad news. The good news is that a majority of the parliament did vote to support us in the things that we asked for. The bad news is that because of the procedural issues that wasn’t a big enough majority to get it done and that many of the institutions in Turkey that we think of as the traditional strong support is the alliance were not as forceful in leading in that direction.
CNN Turk: Which traditional alliance are you talking about?
Wolfowitz: Well I think you know which ones I mean but I think particularly the military. I think for whatever reason they did not play the strong leadership role on that issue that we would have expected. …
I think it’s perfectly appropriate, especially in your system, for the military to say it was in Turkey’s interest to support the United States in that effort.
CNN Turk: Didn’t they say that?
Wolfowitz: I don’t know. My impression is they didn’t say it with the kind of strength that would have made a difference. …
Lets have a Turkey that steps up and says we made a mistake. … Let’s figure out how we can be as helpful as possible to the Americans …
As one columnist in the Boston Globe pointed out, this was in a context in Turkish politics in which “[t]he Turkish generals have made it a habit to step in from time to time to dismiss governments they do not like, returning rule to civilians only when it suits them. The last time this happened was in the late 1990s”. And sure enough, later the same month the Turkish military again began issuing none-too-covert threats towards the country’s government.
In fact Wolfowitz’s comments were sufficiently egregious and inflammatory to provoke one Congressman Barney Frank to call for his resignation, “because of his outrageous effort to undermine democracy in Turkey”. Said Frank:
It is unacceptable for both international and domestic reasons for the second-highest ranking official of the American defense establishment to be an advocate of military pressure being brought to press elected officials into changing their decisions, and the retention of Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz in this position can only signal a throw back to the unhappy days in the past when America felt justified in urging foreign militaries to thwart democracy when elected officials were insufficiently obedient to American foreign policy dictates.
And so another one bites the dust. The “neoconservative stress on democracy”, with its “clear lineage in theory and practice” is yet again revealed to be utterly hollow.